The Open Championship is the oldest golf major, but when did the (British) Open Championship first take place, and where and when has it been held since?

The oldest of what is today known as the Major Championships, 'The Open' was first played on October 17, 1860, at Prestwick. Interestingly, it was then a 12-hole layout, meaning that three rounds were played in the day to make up 36 holes. Eight players entered and Willie Park Sr. of Musselburgh won with a total of 174.

Of the 149 playings of the Championship up to 2021, it has been held 96 times in Scotland, 51 times in England and twice in Northern Ireland.

14 different courses have played host to the Championship, seven in Scotland, six in England, and one in Northern Ireland, with the Championship visiting each course roughly once every ten years, except for St Andrews, which now hosts it every fifth year.

Among the 14 courses, only three are in the south of the British Isles, and only one of those - Royal St George's - is still on the Championship roster.

The Championship has always been played on a 'links', or seaside style of course: this had been the tradition from 1860 until 1921, but was enshrined in the Championship rules in 1922 when the Committee declared that "The Open shall henceforth be played only on links courses, to provide a true test for the skilled players." (Links courses have by nature few, if any trees, and are exposed to the elements - particularly the wind - more than inland courses, making them a difficult, but also very traditional, test of golf.)

The 14 Open Championship venues, in order of their first hosting of the Championship, are:

Prestwick, Ayrshire, Scotland.
1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1875, 1878, 1881, 1884, 1887, 1890, 1893, 1898, 1903, 1908, 1914, 1925.

St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.
Now used every five years.
1873, 1876, 1879, 1882, 1885, 1888, 1891, 1895, 1900, 1905, 1910, 1921, 1927, 1933, 1939, 1946, 1955, 1957, 1960, 1964, 1970, 1978, 1984, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2022.

Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland.
1874, 1877, 1880, 1883, 1886, 1889.

Muirfied, Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland.
1892, 1896, 1901, 1906, 1912, 1929, 1935, 1948, 1959, 1966, 1972, 1980, 1987, 1992, 2002, 2013.

Royal St George's, Sandwich, England
1894, 1899, 1904, 1911, 1922, 1928, 1934, 1938, 1949, 1981, 1985, 1993, 2003, 2011, 2021.

Royal Liverpool, Hoylake, Wirral, England.
1897, 1902, 1907, 1913, 1924, 1930, 1936, 1947, 1956, 1967, 2006, 2014.

Royal Cinque Ports, Deal, Kent, England.
1909, 1920.

Royal Troon, Ayrshire, Scotland.
1923, 1950, 1962, 1973, 1982, 1989, 1997, 2004, 2016.

Royal Lytham & St Annes, Lancashire, England
1926, 1952, 1958, 1963, 1969, 1974, 1979, 1988, 1996, 2001, 2012.

Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland.
1931, 1937, 1953, 1968, 1975, 1999, 2007, 2018.

Prince's, Sandwich, Kent, England.
1932.

Royal Portrush, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland.
1951, 2019.

Royal Birkdale, Southport, Merseyside, England
1954, 1961, 1965, 1971, 1976, 1983, 1991, 1998, 2008, 2017.

Turnberry, Ayrshire, Scotland
1977, 1986, 1994, 2009.

Confirmed forthcoming venues:

2023 - Royal Liverpool
2024 - Royal Troon
2025 - Royal Portrush

More articles on major championships include: 

Left-handed players to win a major 

Who has the most runner-up places in major championships 

Golfers who won 3 legs of the Grand Slam

The lowest rounds achieved in major championships